1 Thessalonians 4:15

Authorized King James Version

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For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep.

Original Language Analysis

Τοῦτο this G5124
Τοῦτο this
Strong's: G5124
Word #: 1 of 23
that thing
γὰρ For G1063
γὰρ For
Strong's: G1063
Word #: 2 of 23
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
ὑμῖν unto you G5213
ὑμῖν unto you
Strong's: G5213
Word #: 3 of 23
to (with or by) you
λέγομεν we say G3004
λέγομεν we say
Strong's: G3004
Word #: 4 of 23
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
ἐν by G1722
ἐν by
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 5 of 23
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
λόγῳ the word G3056
λόγῳ the word
Strong's: G3056
Word #: 6 of 23
something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse), also reasoning (the mental faculty) or motive; by extension, a
κυρίου of the Lord G2962
κυρίου of the Lord
Strong's: G2962
Word #: 7 of 23
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
ὅτι that G3754
ὅτι that
Strong's: G3754
Word #: 8 of 23
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
ἡμεῖς we G2249
ἡμεῖς we
Strong's: G2249
Word #: 9 of 23
we (only used when emphatic)
τοὺς them which G3588
τοὺς them which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 10 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ζῶντες are alive G2198
ζῶντες are alive
Strong's: G2198
Word #: 11 of 23
to live (literally or figuratively)
τοὺς them which G3588
τοὺς them which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 12 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
περιλειπόμενοι and remain G4035
περιλειπόμενοι and remain
Strong's: G4035
Word #: 13 of 23
to leave all around, i.e., (passively) survive
εἰς unto G1519
εἰς unto
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 14 of 23
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
τοὺς them which G3588
τοὺς them which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 15 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
παρουσίαν the coming G3952
παρουσίαν the coming
Strong's: G3952
Word #: 16 of 23
a being near, i.e., advent (often, return; specially, of christ to punish jerusalem, or finally the wicked); (by implication) physically, aspect
τοὺς them which G3588
τοὺς them which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 17 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κυρίου of the Lord G2962
κυρίου of the Lord
Strong's: G2962
Word #: 18 of 23
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
οὐ G3756
οὐ
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 19 of 23
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
μὴ G3361
μὴ
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 20 of 23
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
φθάσωμεν prevent G5348
φθάσωμεν prevent
Strong's: G5348
Word #: 21 of 23
to be beforehand, i.e., anticipate or precede; by extension, to have arrived at
τοὺς them which G3588
τοὺς them which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 22 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κοιμηθέντας· are asleep G2837
κοιμηθέντας· are asleep
Strong's: G2837
Word #: 23 of 23
to put to sleep, i.e., (passively or reflexively) to slumber; figuratively, to decease

Analysis & Commentary

For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleeptouto gar hymin legomen en logō Kyriou, hoti hēmeis hoi zōntes hoi perileipomenoi eis tēn parousian tou Kyriou ou mē phthasōmen tous koimēthentas (τοῦτο γὰρ ὑμῖν λέγομεν ἐν λόγῳ Κυρίου, ὅτι ἡμεῖς οἱ ζῶντες οἱ περιλειπόμενοι εἰς τὴν παρουσίαν τοῦ Κυρίου οὐ μὴ φθάσωμεν τοὺς κοιμηθέντας). En logō Kyriou (ἐν λόγῳ Κυρίου, 'by the word of the Lord') grounds Paul's teaching in Christ's authority—either direct revelation from the risen Christ or teaching from Jesus's earthly ministry (cf. Matt 24:30-31).

Shall not prevent them which are asleep (ou mē phthasōmen tous koimēthentas, οὐ μὴ φθάσωμεν τοὺς κοιμηθέντας)—phthanō means 'to precede/arrive before.' The double negative ou mē (οὐ μή) emphatically denies: living believers will absolutely not precede dead believers. This corrects the Thessalonians' fear: dead believers aren't disadvantaged. Paul includes himself ('we which are alive'), demonstrating his expectation of Christ's possible return in his lifetime. This doesn't mean Paul predicted the timing but maintained readiness—every generation should live prepared for Christ's imminent return.

Historical Context

Paul's first-person plural ('we which are alive') has sparked debate: Did Paul expect Christ's return in his lifetime, or did he use inclusive language applicable to any generation? Scripture teaches imminency (Christ could return at any time) without date-setting (the day is unknown, Matt 24:36). Paul's language maintains this tension—live expectantly as if Christ could return today, while faithfully occupying until He comes (Luke 19:13). Every generation should anticipate possible return in their lifetime, producing both hope (anticipating His coming) and diligence (working until He arrives).

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